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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a well-known condition of the nervous system that affects around 4,4% of the population. It is accompanied by high levels of co-morbidity (depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse) and significant emotional, social and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most frequently prescribed drugs are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Medicines Many people with ADHD have seen significant improvements in their symptoms and functioning when they take medication. It is important that people with ADHD discover the right combination of medication that works for them. Stimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate, are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults suffering from ADHD. They are available in liquid or tablet form in an immediate-release (short acting) formulation. They can be taken every three to four hours. Adults can augment an immediate-release medicine with an extended release long-acting medicine at least once a week to reduce the requirement to take it frequently throughout the day. Antidepressants like desipramine have also been proven to be effective in the treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of drugs can be used alone or in conjunction with stimulants to increase their effects. They may also increase the risk of serious side effects, such as rapid heartbeats, EKG changes and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 antagonists of the adrenergic system. These medications, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, can have a calming effect and can increase focus and reduce the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity among certain adults. These medications can result in very low blood pressure if they are suddenly stopped, or the dosage is reduced. Psychotherapy is also useful for adults with ADHD. Individual therapy can help them deal with their feelings of shame and embarrassment about their ADHD, as well as anger towards supervisors, coworkers, teachers and family members who might be a source of criticism or nagging them. Additionally counseling for families and marriages can help couples suffering from ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can help people who suffer from ADHD overcome their low self-esteem, and the sense of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is also referred to as cognitive behavioral therapy, assists people to change negative thoughts and emotions that are causing problems in their lives. It helps them learn new ways to think, feel and behave. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has been found to be effective for a variety of disorders such as anxiety and depression. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT can include group therapy. This is especially beneficial for people with ADHD because it enables them to meet others who are facing similar issues and learn about how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. One study compared the effects of CBT against traditional therapy for adults with ADHD and found that both treatments produced improvements in self-report measures of functioning, symptoms, and quality of life. CBT has been compared to other psychosocial treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. All of these studies show significant reductions in ADHD symptoms with effects between medium and large. These improvements were associated with various modalities, including interpersonal and cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving training, and mindfulness meditation. It is essential to assess the effectiveness of different treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is likely that different outcomes of the treatments are due to a variety of variables that include the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. A few studies have examined the effectiveness of neurofeedback, an approach that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while performing cognitive tasks to determine areas in the brain where there is too much or little activity. Then, instructing the person to manage these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD also have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help with these issues that could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy approaches that can help improve the ability of individuals to manage conflicts and create lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behaviors that can create problems at school or work. In certain cases psychotherapy may be used as an adjunct to the medication used for adhd in adults treatment. People with comorbid conditions like bipolar disorder and substance abuse need to be evaluated carefully to ensure they do not suffer from symptoms that aren't ameliorated by the medications used to treat ADHD. People who suffer from certain medical issues like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history of seizures, have to be treated more aggressively as they are more at risk for complications from the medications. Outpatient intensive programs may be recommended when the person's ADHD is so severe that it significantly affects their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer a more intense and controlled treatment than standard outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD enhance their ability to manage time, impulse control, organizing, and executive function. It helps them understand and express feelings and utilizes exercises and worksheets to make the lessons engaging. Mindfulness meditation training enhances CBT and enhances the ability of people to concentrate and regulate their emotions. It also increases a person's ability to handle the effects of stress and arousal. It can help them cope with anger, sadness, and other emotional issues that may be contributing towards their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD experience difficulties at work and at home. These issues can also impact relationships and can lead to financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you increase self-esteem, address underlying problems and establish healthy coping mechanisms. doctors who treat adhd in adults -behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches you how to change your negative thoughts and behaviors. It is focused on teaching time management techniques and overcoming thinking distortions which can cause negative moods, and the perception of limited possibilities. visit this web page link suffering from ADHD suffer from anxiety or depression disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric conditions can decrease or increase the effectiveness of some medications used to treat ADHD. It is therefore recommended to treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor its reaction to the medication prior treating the other condition. Occupational therapy can teach you methods to organize your life and your work, create predictable routines, manage time and money and build confidence in yourself. It can also help you master relaxation techniques that can reduce your impulsivity and hyperactivity. Yoga and other exercises can help you improve concentration by stabilizing your body in various postures. Family and marriage counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to overcome the problems they cause their children, spouses and friends. They frequently complain of being unstable, unorganized, forgetful and prone to making impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you develop healthier relationships. It can help you and your family members to understand that the problems are caused by ADHD instead of an inability to care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is highly frequent. It is often associated with comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression and substance abuse disorders. Psychosocial and medication treatments are available as treatment options. There are many medications available for adults with ADHD. Certain of these medications have been tested in trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the various medications. Adults with ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children do, but it is difficult to diagnose because childhood symptoms might not persist in adulthood. Adults who suffer from ADHD may not have an ancestral history of the disorder or may not remember symptoms. A thorough medical history is necessary to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness such as a thyroid problem, sleep apnea, hearing and vision problems or lead poisoning. Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and nonstimulant medications. The stimulants have the highest response rates for adults with ADHD. Their responsiveness rates range from 70 to 70% to 80%. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are the most frequently prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also accessible as a transdermal solution, which allows for a continuous supply of medication throughout the day. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are primarily tricyclic antidepressants that work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic, and has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a medication with a low dose that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL another antidepressant, has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist which is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportationer and increasing its presence in the brain. This drug has been proven to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity, however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.